If you’re planning to move to Spain—or have just arrived—you might hear: "You need Cl@ve or a Digital Certificate. They’re basically the same, but the most important thing is to get a digital signature."

But what do these terms actually mean, why do you need one, and how do they differ? Let’s break it down.

What is Cl@ve?

Cl@ve: Easy Access to Spanish Government Services

Cl@ve is an online ID system that allows both Spanish citizens and foreigners to access government services without installing a certificate on your device. There are different levels of security:

• Cl@ve PIN – a one-time password for single-use tasks.
• Cl@ve Permanente – permanent username and password for frequent use.
• Cl@ve Firma – electronic signature equivalent to a Digital Certificate, requiring extra setup.

With Cl@ve, you can:

• Check the status of residency or visa applications.
• Request statements from tax authorities (Hacienda) and Social Security.
• Submit documents at police stations or town halls.
• File tax returns (Modelo 100, Modelo 210).

What is Digital Certificate?

Digital Certificate: The Official Online Signature

The Digital Certificate (FNMT certificate) is a secure file installed on your computer or smartphone. It confirms your identity and allows you to legally sign documents online.

With a Digital Certificate, you can:

• Apply for residency permits without visiting offices.
• Schedule appointments (Cita Previa) at police stations or consulates.
• Obtain your NIE and other official documents online.
• Apply for Arraigo Social or other types of residence.
• Appeal administrative decisions (recurso de alzada).
• Get proof of residence (Certificado de Empadronamiento).

Key Differences Between Cl@ve and Digital Certificate

Which one should foreign residents choose?

If you need to apply for a residency permit, submit official paperwork, or sign documents online, the Digital Certificate is usually the better choice. It provides full access to government services and legal electronic signature functionality.

Cl@ve is great for quick access to services, but it doesn’t offer full signing capabilities.

How to Get Cl@ve and Digital Certificate

Getting Cl@ve

1. Book an appointment (Cita Previa) at Hacienda or the police.
2. Bring your passport and NIE.
3. Complete identity verification and receive your activation code.
4. Register at cl@ve.gob.es.

Getting a Digital Certificate

1. Request the certificate via the FNMT website.
2. Verify your identity in person at Hacienda with passport and NIE.
3. Install the certificate on your computer or smartphone.

Conclusion

• Need to apply for residency, submit applications, or sign documents online? Go with the Digital Certificate.
• Just need quick access to government services? Cl@ve works fine.

Both options are free, but require a personal visit to Hacienda or the consulate.

If you need help obtaining Cl@ve or a Digital Certificate, or submitting residency applications in Spain, we can guide you step by step to make the process simple and stress-free! Contact us today. 🇪🇸